Saturday, January 29, 2011

PRESIDENT , VICE PRESIDENT, PRIME MINISTER

                                                      PRESIDENT

ELECTION OF  THE PRESIDENT:
                                                The President is not  directly elected by people but by member of electoral college consisting of:
1.Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament.
2. Elected members of the legislative assemblies of states (Vidhan Sabha in AP-294 SEATS).
3. Elected members of the legislative assemblies of Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry.

VOTES CALCUTES:
 
 1.  Values of the vote of an MLA= (Total Population of state/Total number of elected members           in the state legislative assembly)*(1/1000)
  2.   Values of the vote of an MP=Total value of  votes of all MLAs of all states/Total number of                                      elected members of Parliament.
 3.   Electoral quota=[Total number of valid votes polled/(1+1=2)]+1. 



 
Total number Assembly Seats in India -4120

                Name of state                                                   Value vote of each MLA 
       
1.Andhra Pradesh                                                              148
2.Arunachal Pradesh-60                                                    8
3Assam-126                                                                       116        
4.Bihar-243                                                                        173
5.Chhattigar-90                                                                  129
6.Goa-40                                                                             20
7.Gujarat-182                                                                      147
8.Harayana-90                                                                    112
9.HimachalPradesh-68                                                       51
10.Jammu & Kashmir-87                                                    72
11.Jharkhand-81                                                                176
12.Karanataka-224                                                            131
13.Kerala-140                                                                     152
14.MP-230                                                                          131
15.Maharastra-288                                                            175
16.Manipur-60                                                                    18
17.Megalaya-60                                                                  17
18.Mizoram-40                                                                     8
19.Nagaland-60                                                                    9
20.Orissa-147                                                                      149
21.Punjab-117                                                                      116
22.Rajasthan-200                                                                 129
23.Sikkim-32                                                                         7
24.TamilNadu-234                                                               176
25.Tripura-60                                                                       26
26.Uttarakhand-70                                                              64
27.Uttar Pradesh-403                                                         208
28.West Bengal-294                                                           151
29.NCT Of Delhi-70                                                           58
30.Puducherry-30                                                                16
 
  

1.Total value of votes for the states in India=549474

2.Total MPs=776(543 in Lok sabha + 233 in Rajya sabha)

3.Value of each MPs vote =549474/776=708.09

4.Total value  of MPs votes=776*708=549408

5.Total members in the electoral college=4896(4120 MLAs+776 MPs)

6.Total votes in the electoral college=1098882(549474 MLAs+549408 MPs)

7.Total votes polled=969422

8.Total votes for Ms. Pratibha Patil=638116(65.82)[First Women President in India]

9.Total votes for B.S.Shehawat=331306(34.17) 




Highest votes President in India is Dr. Rajendar Prasad(99.35 in 1957 )


                 




  
PRESIDENTS WHO RULED INDIA


#
Name
Took office
Left office
Vice President
Notes
1

26 January 1950
13 May 1962
1952 election page & 1957 election page
Prasad was the first President of independent India from Bihar. He was also an independence activist of the Indian Independence Movement.Prasad was the only president to serve for two terms in office
2

13 May 1962
13 May 1967
1962 election page
Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a
Knight of the Realm and also held the position of vice chancellor of the Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University He was also made a Knight of the Golden Army of Angels by Pope Paul VI


3

13 May 1967
3 May 1969


3 May 1969
20 July 1969


20 July 1969
24 August 1969
Hidayatullah served as the Chief Justice of India, and was a recipient of the Order of the British Empire. He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India.
4

24 August 1969
24 August 1974


1969 election page
Giri is the only person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to
Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
5

24 August 1974
11 February 1977

1974 election page
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have died during a term of office.
[16]


11 February 1977
25 July 1977

Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of Mysore.
6

25 July 1977
25 July 1982


1977 election page
N.S.Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only
Member of Parliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.[18] He was unanimously elected Speaker of the Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India.
7

25 July 1982
25 July 1987
1982 election page
In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister[
8

25 July 1987
25 July 1992




1987 election page
In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the
India's independence movement.[20] After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence
9

25 July 1992
25 July 1997


1992 election page
Sharma was Chief Minister of
Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra
10

25 July 1997
25 July 2002


1997 election page
Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities. He was also the vice-chancellor of
Jawaharlal Nehru University
11

25 July 2002
25 July 2007


2002 election page
Kalam, was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs. Kalam also receive
12

25 July 2007


2007 election page
Patil is the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.[


       (i)In 2008,the Parliament  increased the Salary  of president   from Rs.50,000 t0 Rs.1.50 Lakh per mont
h and the pension to 50% of his Salary.In addition,the former President are entited to furnished residence,phone facilities,car,medical treatment, travel facilities, secretarial staff and office expense upto Rs.60,000 per annum.

(ii)President  can be removed from office by a process of impeachment for’violaction of Constitution ‘.

(iii) No President has so far been Impeachment.





Qualifications for Election as President:
  1. A citizen of India,
  2.  35 years of age or above
  3. Qualified to become a member of the Lok Sabha.
  4.  A person shall not be eligible for election as President if he holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments


Conditions of President’s Offfice :


 1.The President shall not be a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any State, and if a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any State be elected President, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in that House on the date on which he enters upon his office as President.
2.The President shall not hold any other office of profit.
3. The President shall be entitled without payment of rent to the use of his official residences and shall be also entitled to such emoluments, allowances and privileges as may be determined by Parliament by law and until provision in that behalf is so made, such emoluments, allowances and privileges as are specified in the Second Schedule.

 4.The emoluments and allowances of the President shall not be diminished during his term of office.



Powers and Functions of the President:
 
(i)Legislative powers
(ii)Executive powers
(iii)Financial powers
(iv)Judicial powers
(v)Diplomatic powers
(vi)Military powers
(vii)Emergency powers
                             
  





VICE PRESIDENT

VICE PRESIDENT is also same  Elected like president.

                                           VICE PRESIDENTS WHO RULED INDIA

No.

   Vice-President
Took office
Left office
President
1

13 May 1952
12 May 1962

2

13 May 1962
12 May 1967
3

13 May 1967
3 May 1969
4

31 August 1969
30 August 1974
5

31 August 1974
30 August 1979
6

31 August 1979
30 August 1984
7

31 August 1984
27 July 1987
8

3 September 1987
24 July 1992
9

21 August 1992
24 July 1997
10

21 August 1997
27 July 2002
11

19 August 2002
21 July 2007
12

11 August 2007



POWER OF VICE PRESIDENT:

 
EXCHAIRMAN OF RAJYASABHA ,his power and function are similar to speaker of LOKSABHA.

He act as President when vacany occur in President office  due to death, resignation,removal.












PRIME MINISTER



 
1.Constitution does not contain any specific procedure for selection and appointment of the Prime minister. Article 75 says only that the Prime minister shall appointed by the President. However , he cannot  free to appoint  any one as Prime minister. President appoint the leader of the majority party in the loksabha .When there is no clear majority in Lok sabha then President can appoint Prime minister.

2.In 1979, when Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (President )appointed Charan Singh (the Coalition leader)as the Prime minister after fall of Janata Party Government.

3.In 1984 , after  Indira Gandhi assassinated  the President  Zail Singh appointed Rajiv Gandhi  as Prime minister later party elected him as leader.

4.In 1980, the Delhi High Court held that the Constitution does not need to prove his majority
in  the Lokha sabha before he appointed as Prime minister. The President  first appoint him Prime minister then prove his majority in Lok sabha.

Example:
1.Charan Singh(1979)
2.VP Singh(1989)
3.Chandrasekhar(1990)
4.PV  Narasimha Rao(1991)
5.AB Vajyapee(1996)
6.Deve GOwda(1996)
7.IK Gujral(1997)
8.AB Vajyapee(1998)

In 1997, the Supreme Court held that a person who is not a member of Parliament can be appointed as  Prime minister  for six month with  in which he should become either house of parliament.



Eligibility:
  
  (i)A citizen of India
  (ii)Should be a member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha
  (iii)25 years of age (in the case of a seat in the House of the People) or above 30 years of age (in the case of a seat in the Council of States)
 

POWER AND FUNCTIONS:

(a)Chairman of the planning Commission , National Development Council, National Integration Council and National Water Resource Council.

(b)Significant  role in shaping  policy of the country.

(c)Chief speaker of union Government.

(d)Crisis manager–in-chief at the Political level during emergency.

(e)Leader of Party of  Power.

(f)Political head of the Service.

He advice the President with regard to appointment of important official like Attorney general of India, Comptroller and Auditor General of India , Chairman and member of the UPSC  , Election Commissioner.
 

CHIEF MINISTER WHO BECAME  PRIME MINISTER:



 
Morarji Desai                            Chiefminister (Bombay in 1952-56) NonCongressMinister            
(1896–1995)
Charan Singh                             Chiefminister (undivided UPin 1967-68)again in 1970
(1902–1987)

V. P. Singh                                 Chiefminister (UP )
(1931–2008)

P. V. Narasimha Rao               Chiefminister (AP in 1971-1973)
(1921–2004)


H. D. Deve Gowda                   Chiefminister (Karnataka)
(1933– )




                        PRIME MINISTERS WHO RULED INDIA
No.
Name
(Birth–Death); Constituency
CM(Council of Ministers)
Term of office
Elections
(Lok Sabha)
Political party
(Alliance)
Refs
1
Jawaharlal Nehru
(1889–1964)
MP for
Phulpur
1
15 August
1947
27 May
1964
[1]
2
3
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947; created Planning commission of India and initiated Five-year plan to increase government investment in agriculture and industry; launched programmes to build irrigation canals, dams and spread the use of fertilizers to increase agricultural production; oversaw widespread poverty and unemployment, even with improvements in agriculture and infrastructure; oversaw establishment of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Institutes of Technology and Indian Institutes of Management; criminalized caste discrimination and increased the legal rights and social freedoms of women; pioneered the policy of non-alignment and co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement; Sino-Indian War; signed the Indus Waters Treaty; granted asylum to the Dalai Lama; oversaw liberation of Goa.
-
Gulzarilal Nanda
(1898–1998)
MP for
Sabarkantha
27 May
1964
(int)
9 June
1964
— (3rd)
Served as caretaker Prime Minister until the election of Lal Bahadur Shastri.
2
Lal Bahadur Shastri
(1904–1966)
MP for
Allahabad
4
9 June
1964
11 January
1966
[1]
— (3rd)
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965; pushed for Green Revolution in India and Operation Flood; The National Dairy Development Board was formed; died from a heart attack at a summit in Tashkent.
(-)
Gulzarilal Nanda
(1898–1998)
MP for
Sabarkantha
11 January
1966
(int)
24 January
1966
— (3rd)
Served as caretaker Prime Minister once again, until Indira Gandhi was chosen as the new leader.
3
Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)
MP for
Rae Bareli
5
24 January
1966
24 March
1977
— (3rd) • 1967 (4th)
6
Nationalized banks; won the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which resulted in the formation of Bangladesh; signed the Shimla Agreement; tested the first nuclear weapon with Smiling Buddha; initiated Green Revolution in India; imposed state of emergency from 1975-1977.
4
Morarji Desai
(1896–1995)
MP for
Surat
24 March
1977
28 July
1979
[4]
Ended the state of emergency initiated by Indira Gandhi; improved relations with Pakistan, China and the United States; softened its relationship with the Soviet Union; launched Sixth Five-Year Plan, aiming to boost agricultural production and rural industries; the plan proved unsuccessful leading to resurging inflation, fuel shortages, unemployment and poverty; lost many MPs from Janata Party, including his rival Charan Singh, which led to his resignation.
5
Charan Singh
(1902–1987)
MP for
Baghpat
8
28 July
1979
14 January
1980
[3]
— (6th)
Initiated high level diplomatic relations with Israel; lost support of Congress, which led to his resignation without even a single session of Lok Sabha.
(3)
Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)
MP for
Rae Bareli
9
14 January
1980
[2]
31 October
1984
[1]
Operation Bluestar, which subsequently led to her assassination.
6
Rajiv Gandhi
(1944–1991)
MP for
Amethi
10
31 October
1984
2 December
1989
1984 anti-Sikh riots; significantly reduced License Raj; expanded telecommunications in India; signed the Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord; Bofors scandal; nullified the Supreme Court's judgement on Shah Bano case.
7
V. P. Singh
(1931–2008)
MP for
Fatehpur
11
2 December
1989
10 November
1990
[3]
Negotiated terrorist kidnapping of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed's daughter; visited Golden Temple to ask for forgiveness for Operation Bluestar; withdrew IPKF from Sri Lanka; initiated fixed quota/reservation for all public sector jobs as per recommendation from Mandal Commission; Ram Janmabhoomi agitation and subsequent loss of vote of no confidence because of it.
8
Chandra Shekhar Singh
(1927–2007)
MP for
Ballia
12
10 November
1990
21 June
1991
— (9th)
Resigned due to accusations of spying on former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, and subsequent withdrawal of Congress' support; Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi.
9
P. V. Narasimha Rao
(1921–2004)
MP for
Nandyal
13
21 June
1991
16 May
1996
10
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(1924– )
MP for
Lucknow
16 May
1996
1 June
1996
[3]
1996 (11th)
Hung parliament†. Was in power for only 13 days, after BJP could not gather enough support from other parties to form a majority.
11
H. D. Deve Gowda
(1933– )
MP for
Karnataka
15
1 June
1996
21 April
1997
[3]
1996 (11th)
Hung parliament†. After a failed attempt of forming a BJP government, Congress refused to form a government and instead supported a minority United Front coalition led by Janata Dal. President of China Jiang Zemin begins the first visit by a Chinese head of state to India; initiates President's rule in Gujarat.
12
Inder Kumar Gujral
(1919– )
MP for
Bihar
16
21 April
1997
19 March
1998
— (11th)
(10)
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(1924– )
MP for
Lucknow
19 March
1998
[2]
22 May
2004
13
Dr. Manmohan Singh
(1932– )
Rajya Sabha Member for
Assam
22 May
2004